This paper is an attempt to reflect on the concept of subaltern in post colonial era. We know that the evils of caste discrimination are deeply rooted in Indian social structure. This has been pointed out time and again by many social reformers, scholars and writers. This paper will focus on the efforts of Mahatma Phule and Valmiki in the depiction of the deplorable condition of lower caste or underprivileged marginalised Indians in order to bring them into the main stream society. I have also tried to examine the various phases of Dalit’s movement and their representation in Indian social scenario as well as the impact of such a movement on the current social structure. However, in the process it is explored that the problem of caste ridden society still prevails even after our being self proclaimed progressive in every field of life and it needs to be addressed adequately in academic studies.