Small and marginal farmers in India are contributing three-fourth of operational landholdings in the country. These two categories of farmers are playing a significant role in the agrarian economy of the country. In the absence of corresponding facilitating changes in the state institutions dealing with agriculture viz. agricultural information, credit and marketing services, the ramifications of adoption of agricultural innovations proved disastrous. Negating the assumptions of scale neutrality; empirical evidences suggest that the social context of adoption of agricultural technologies and the structural forces located in the social milieu operate and influence the outcome of agricultural technological innovations. Such outcomes appear to be grave for the marginal and small holdings and vice versa with the large holdings. The present paper based on the empirical understanding of social context of adoption of agricultural technologies, specifically in crop production, argues that in the absence of state support and facilitating institutions agricultural innovations contribute to economic environment and social risks for the marginal and small land holders.