1. Abul Fazl, Ain- I Akbari,(trs.) H. S. Jarret and J. N. Sarkar, vol. II -III, Low Price Publication, Delhi, reprint 2001, p.129 (hereafter Ain)
2. For clear view of the route in larger perspective see, Irfan Habib, An Atlas of the Mughal Empire, Oxford, Delhi, 1982, sheet 10 B; Joseph E. Schwartzberg (ed.) A Historical Atlas of South Asia, Chicago, 1975, p.49.
3. John Marshal, John Marshal in India, Notes and Observations in Bengal, 1668-1672, (ed.) Shafat Ahmad Khan, London, 1927, (hereafter Marshal)
4. Marshal, p.77. This bridge seems to have been a brick bridge over river Punpun. See Irfan Habib, An Atlas…(op.cit) p.41, Sheet 10 A notes; See also F. Buchanan, An Account of the Districts of Bihar and Patna in 1811-12, Bihar & Orissa Research Society, Patna, p.76.
5. Marshall, p.126.
6. Ibid., pp. 95-125.
7. Ibid., p.76; Surajgarh was a pargana in sarkar Munger, See Ain., p.167.
8. Marshal, p.74. According to Marshal the bridge was about 40 yard long, 15 to 20 yard high and 6 or 7 yard broad.
9. Ibid., pp.74, 122; Jangira was made a paragana in Sarkar Munger some time in the seventeenth century. It is mentione in the Kagdat-i Mutafariqa (1712-36) as a pargana but does not exist in Ain’s list. A. R. Khan, “Revenue Statistics of Bihar 1526-1707)”, in Comprehensive History of Bihar, vol. II, part II, 1987, p.540.
10. Marshal, pp.74, 122; Masdi was a pargana in sarkar Munger, Ain., p.167.
11. Marshall, pp. 72-73.
12. Ibid., pp. 72, 96, 97.
13. Ibid., p .72.
14. K. N. Chaudhary,‘Some Reflections on the Towns and Country in Mughal India’, in Modern Asian Studies, 12, 1 (1978), pp. 78-79.
15. Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Pearson, Delhi, 2008, pp. 133-135.
16. B. P. Ambasthya, (ed.), Beams Contribution to the Political Geography of the Subas of Awadh, Bihar, Bengal and Orissa in the Age of Akbar, Patna, 1976.
17. Irfan Habib, An Atlas…(op.cit), p. 40, Sheet 10 A notes.
18. Ain., p.162
19. Irfan Habib, An Atlas …(op.cit), Sheet 10 A and B.
20. O.H.K. Spate and A.T.A. Learmonth, India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography, London 1967, p.564.
21. Ain, pp. 162-164
22 O.H.K. Spate and A.T.A. Learmonth, India… (op.cit), p.565)
23. This understanding is based on the coverage shown by Irfan Habib, An Atlas..., (op.cit), sheet 10 B.
24. Irfan Habib, An Atlas... (op.cit), p. vii.
25. Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, Bombay, 1963, pp. 400-402.
26. Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabqat-i Akbari, (tr.), B. De, revised and edited by Beni Prasad, Delhi (reprint,1990), p.160.
27. Peter Mundy, The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, c. 1608-1667, (ed.) R.C. Temple, London, 1914. vol.II., Travels in Asia (1628-34), pp.128-134; Jean-BaptisteTavernier, Travels in India, (tr.), V. Ball, (ed.), William Crooke, vol. I, New Delhi, 1977, pp.98-100, (hereafter Tavernier); also see Irfan Habib, An Atlas... (op.cit), Sheet 8B,10B.
28. Marshal, p.161,196; Tavernier, II, pp.204-205).
29. Niccolao Mannuci, Storia Do Mogor or Mogul India, 1653-1708, (tr.), William Irvine, London, 1907-08, vol. II, p.96 ; Fray Sebastien Manrique, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique (1629-1643), vol.II, (eds.), C. Eckford Luard and H. Hosten, Orford, 1927, p.146 (hereafter Manrique).