International Research journal of Management Sociology & Humanities
( ISSN 2277 - 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) ) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMSH
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NEGOTIATED MARITIME NETWORKS: MERCHANT COMMUNITIES OF CALICUT PORT AND THE PORTUGUESE ENCOUNTER (C. 1450–1600)
1 Author(s): MAHI PANCHAL
Vol - 16, Issue- 12 , Page(s) : 165 - 168 (2025 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH
The arrival of Vasco da Gama at Calicut (Kozhikode) in 1498 has been presented as a decisive rupture in Indian Ocean history, which unleashed an era of European maritime dominance and with it the gradual displacement of Asian commercial systems.