( ISSN 2277 - 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) ) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMSH

Impact Factor* - 6.2311


**Need Help in Content editing, Data Analysis.

Research Gateway

Adv For Editing Content

   No of Download : 56    Submit Your Rating     Cite This   Download        Certificate

THE RSS AND THE GERMAN NAZISM OF YORE: A COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

    1 Author(s):  DR K CHANDERDEEP SINGH

Vol -  5, Issue- 8 ,         Page(s) : 262 - 268  (2014 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH

Abstract

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is the largest Hindu nationalist organization with overt cultural and covert political ambitions. Formed in 1925 at Nagpur with the clear cut motive of the Hindu national resurgence, it often ended up being accused of the Hindu majoritarianism. It is particularly true when the ideology of Hindutva espoused by the RSS generates strong reactions both from the left liberal intellectual dispensation as well as the minorities. It is also purported by the critics that the ideology of the RSS is antithetical to the democracy demonstrated particularly after the 2002 Gujarat riots. The history of the RSS since its genesis is replete with the instances when the cultural nationalism of the RSS gets mutated to manifest itself as religious nationalism. This particularly true in the pre independence days when the Hindu-Muslim relations were at their lowest ebb in areas where the RSS had a strong presence (Maharashtra, Madhya Bharat and Punjab). During independence and the subsequent partition, the Hindu militia of which the RSS was the vanguard participated significantly in the communal rioting depicting strong ethnic cleansing tendencies.

1. Stanley Payne (2005). A History of Fascism: 1914-1945. ( UK: Routledge) pp. 517.
2. Cyprian Blamires (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopaedia, Volume I.   (California: ABC-CLIO) pp.333.
3. Tapan Basu et al(1993). Khakhi Shorts Saffron Flags: A Critique of the Hindu Right. New Delhi: Orient Longman). Also Shamsul Islam( 2006). Religious Dimensions of the Indian Nationalism. (New Delhi: Media House).
4. Richard J. Evans (2005).The Third Reich in Power: 1933-1939. (London : Allen Lane, Penguin Books) p. 114.
5. Ibid. p. 117.
6. Ibid. P. 515.
7. Stuart J Woolf (1970). European Fascism. (London: Weidenfield and Nicolson) pp. 282.
8. Mark Antliff (2007). Avant- garde Fascism: The Mobilization of Myth, Art and Culture in France 1909-1939. ( Duke University Press) pp. 75-81. 
9. Ibid.
10. Konard Heiden (1987). A History of National Socialism (translated from German),  (Delhi:Anupama Publication) p. XIV.
11. Ibid. 359.
12. Ralf Dharendorf (1968). Society and Democracy in Germany, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson) pp. 390,391.
13. Ibid.
14. Robert A. Brady (1937). The Spirit and Structure of German Fascism, (Victor Gollancz Ltd) p. 12.
15. F.L. Carsten (1967), The Rise of Fascism (London: Methuen and Co. Ltd) p. 131.
16. Singh, Kanwar Chanderdeep (2008)." The Study of Hindu Right Wing in Punjab : A Case Study of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from 1935 to 1984" PhD Thesis, (Panjab University, Chandigarh).
17. H.V.Sheshadri(1981). Dr. Hedgewar: The Epoch Maker. (Bangalore: Sahitya Sindhu Prakashan) p. 94.
18. L.Schapiro (1972). Totalitarianism. (New York: Praeger) p. 13.
19. Hannah Arendt (1958). The Origins of Totalitarianism. (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company) pp. 259-265.
20. Adolf Hitler (First Edition 1936). Mein Kampf. ( New York: Reynal and Hitchock) P.842
21. M.S.Golwalkar(1980). Bunch of Thoughts. (Bangalore: Jagrana Prakashan) p. 33.
22. Ibid. p. 88.
23. K. Elst , The Saffron Swastika: The Notion of Hindu Fascism, Vol-2, (New Delhi :Voice of India)  pp. 979-980.
24. Shamsul Islam op. cit. pp. 178-199.
25. Golwalkar studied and taught Zoology at Benaras Hindu Universtiy.
26. Adolf Hitler, op. cit. p. 387.
27. R Kohli (1993). Political Ideas of M.S.Golwalkar.( New Delhi: Deep and Deep) p. 138.
28. Marzia Casolari (2000). "Hindutva's foreign tie-up in the 1930", Economic and Political Weekly, January 22, 2000, p. 226.
29. Interview with Satpal Kaka an aged RSS swayamsevak at Amritsar, November 22, 2004.
30. Cyprian Blamires op.cit.512.
31. Stanley Payne op.cit. 338.
32. Christophe Jafferlot (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India, 1925 to 1990s, (New Delhi: Viking Penguin India). Also see the compilation of essays illustrating the different facets of the Hindutva movement in his edited volume, The Sangh Parivar: A Reader. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press) 2005.
33. Paul R Brass ed.(2002). Competing Nationalisms in South Asia: Essays for Ashgar Ali Engineer. (Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan) pp. 15,16. For the Hind Muslim relations in North India refer to seminal work Language, Religion and Politics in North India, (New Delhi: Vikas) 1975.
34. Chetan Bhatt(2001). Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Idelogies and Modern Myths. (Oxford: Berg Publishers) p.124.

*Contents are provided by Authors of articles. Please contact us if you having any query.






Bank Details