The idea that India suffered deindustrialization during the 19th century has a long pedigree. The image of skilled weavers thrown back on the soil was a powerful metaphor for the economic stagnation which Indian nationalists believed was brought on by British rule. However, whether and why deindustrialization actually happened in India remains open to debate. Quantitative evidence on the overall level of economic activity in 18th and 19th century India is scant, let alone evidence on its breakdown between agriculture, industry, and services. Most deindustrialization assessments rely on very sparse employment and output data. Price data are more plentiful, and, as a consequence, many economists in their paper used newly compiled evidence on relative prices to offer a new price-dual assessment of deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India.