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Abstract

By the seventeenth century Muslim traders, Sufis and new ruling clans – the new-comers of once – had become centuries-old for the other caste, class, ethnic groups and religion by interaction in day to day life. Strange as it may seem, as new ruling clan the Mughals were neither new nor identical to earlier Muslim ruling clans of Delhi Sultanate like Mamluks, Khiljis, Thughlaqs, Saiyads, Lodhis and Suris, and to the people of Hindustan. Before the advent of Mughals in first quarter of sixteenth century, this process of coming, settling down and assimilation had been repeated so many times. This was the process that put forwarded the Lodhis, the then ruling dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, to fight against Mughals in order to save the land and people from the new entrant clan. However, Mughals were going to be a longest ruling dynasty and at the end they fought to the new entrants i.e. Europeans companies turned competitor rulers and lost altogether with other indigenous powers. These political occurrences, almost similar in nature and pattern, produced some noticeable changes in the society of Hindustan as well.